Jesima barveen

Biochemical analysis of Siddha Kaayakarpam drug Naaval pazha karpam

Jesima barveen.H1, Kavitha.S2, Poongodi Kanthimathi .A.S3

1 PG Scholar, Department of SIDDHAR YOGA Maruthuvam

² PG Scholar, Department of VARMA Maruthuvam

3 Head of the Department, Department of Sirappu Maruthuvam

Government siddha Medical College & Hospital , Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli

ABSTRACT.

Kaya karpam or Kayakalpam is one of the unique special therapeutic divisions in Siddha System of medicine Advocate specially for Rejuvenation, decreasing morbidity and increasing lifespan. “Kayam means body and Karpam means strong as stone’’. Kaya karpam provides both mental and physical wellness. I have choosen Naavalpazha karpam from theraiyar kaapiyam, for the management of Diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major lifestyle disorder and non-communicable disease occurs mostly sedentary lifestyle. Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, Asthenia numbness, moodechanges, Rapid weight loss, irritability and difficulty in concentration are the major symptoms seen in patients with diabetes mellitus. the classical texts“Noinadal, Noi MudhalNadal Part11 and Yugi Vaidhaya Chindhamani 800’’ clearly defines the symptoms of NEERIZHIVU can be correlated with DIABETES MELLITUS.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the Biochemical analysis of the trial drug Naavalpazha karpam and it indicates the presence of calcium, Sulphate, starch, ferrous iron, tannic acid, unsaturation compound, Reducing sugar, aminoacid which revealed the enhancement of therapeutic action in diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Neerizhivu, Diabetes mellitus, Biochemical Analysis, Siddha Karpa Medicine, Naval Pazha Karpam.

Introduction:

NEERIZHIVU-SIDDHA CONCEPT :

clinical symptoms The classical disease Neerizhivu is many school of thoughts. Theraiyar in his ‘ ’Theran Karisal’’ has classified the disease of the urinary system in to two major categories of ‘ ’neer perukkal noigal’’neer arugal noigal’’. Any pathology which gives rise to increased urination in quantity or frequency irrespective of the varied causes is included under neer perukkal noigal or neerizhivu noigal or mega neer or madhumegam . Premonitory symptoms of NEERIZHIVU include polyuriya, polyphagia, polydipsia, tastelessness, general debility, moodchanges and irritability, increased body heat, numbness, Asthenia, nausea,etc. Based on the involvement of the three dhoshas in the pathogenesis, NEERIZHIVU is categorized into 20 types based onVali, Azhal, and Iyam.textsNoinadal, NoimuthalNadal part11,andYugi vaidhaya chindhamani 800’’ clearly defines the NEERIZHIVU. Our ancestors elaborated the knowledge of the

TYPES:

As per AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION,2007 four types of DM where identified, 1. Type 1 DM. 2.Type 2 DM.

3.GESTATIONAL DM .

4.OTHER SPECIFIC TYPE OF DM.

1.TYPE 1 DM:

This type constitutes 10% cases of DM. It was previously termed as Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus[KJOD] due to its occurrence in younger age and was called Insulin Dependent DM[IDDM]. Because it was known that these patients have absolute requirement for Insulin replace as treatment. Based on underlying etiology, type 1 DM is further divided into 2 subtypes.

SUBTYPE 1A[Immune mediated ] DM characterized by auto-immune destruction of beta cells which usually leads to insulin deficiency.

SUBTYPE 1B[Idiopathic]DM characterized by insulin deficiency which tendency to develop ketosis but these are negative for auto immune markers.

2.TYPE2 DM: This type comprises about 80% cases of DM. It was previously called Maturity onset Diabetes[MOD] or Non Insulin Dependent DM[NIDDM]. It results due to ineffective use of insulin.

It is now known that it is also occurs in obese, adolescent children; hence the term MOD for it is inappropriate. Moreover, many type 2DM patients also require Insulin therapy to control hyperglycemia or to prevent ketosis and thus are not truly NID contrary to its former nonmenclature.

3.GESTATIONAL DM:

About 4% pregnant women develop DM due to metabolic changes during pregnancy. Although they revert back to normal glycemia after delivery, these women are prone to develop DM later in their life.

4.OTHER SPECIFIC TYPES OF DM:

Besides the 2 main types , about 10% cases of DM have a known specific etiologic listed belove

A. Genetic defect beta cell function due to mutation in various enzymes eg,Hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor.

B. Genetic defect in insulin action eg,Type A insulin resistance.

C. Diseases of exocrine pancreas eg, Chronic Pancreatitis,Pancreatic tumours.

D. Endocrinopathies eg, Acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma.

E. Drug are Chemical induced eg, steroids, beta blockers.

F. Infections eg, Congenital rubella, Cytomegalo virus.

G. Uncommene forms of immune-mediated DM eg, Stiff man syndrome, Anti-insulin receptor antibodies.

H. Other genetic syndromes eg, Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

INGREDIENTS OF NAAVAL PAZHA KARPAM

DRUG	BOTANICAL NAME	FAMILY	PART USED	QUANTITY
Naaval pazham	Syzygium cumini	Myrtacea	Dried fruit	1 part

Table:1

Collection, Identification and Authentication of the Drug:

The required raw drug were purchased from a well reputed country shop. They were identified and authenticated by Botanist of Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai.

Purification of the Drug:

The ingredient of this herbal formulation is purified according to the proper method described in Siddha Classical Literature.

Preparation of the Medicine:

Cleaned raw drug is made into coarse powdered

Biochemical analysis:

Screening the drug Naaval pazha karpam to identify the Biochemical properties present in the ingredient.

Chemicals and drug:

The chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade obtain from Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. Methodology:

5 grams of the drug was weighed accurately and placed in a 250ml clean beaker. Then 50ml of distilled water added to it and dissolved well. Then it was boiled well for about 10 minutes. It was cooled and filtered in a 100ml volumetric flask and then it is made upto 100ml with distilled water. This fluid was taken for analysis.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

S.No	EXPERIMENT	OBSERVATION	INFERENCE
01	TEST FOR CALCIUM 2ml of the above prepared extract is taken in a clean test tube. To this add 2ml of 4% Ammonium oxalate solution	A white precipitate is formed	Indicates the presence of calcium
02	TEST FOR SULPHATE 2ml of the extract is added to 5% Barium chloride solution.	A white precipitate is formed	Indicates the presence of sulphate
03	TEST FOR CHLORIDE The extract is treated with silver nitrate solution	No white precipitate is formed	Absence of chloride
04	TEST FOR CARBONATE The substance is treated with concentrated Hcl.	No brisk effervessence is formed	Absence of carbonate
05	TEST FOR STARCH The extract is added with weak iodine solution	Blue colour is formed	Indicates the presence of starch
06	TEST FOR FERRIC IRON The extract is acidified with Glacial acetic acid and potassium ferro cyanide.	No blue colour is formed	Absence of ferric iron
07	TEST FOR FERROUS IRON The extract is treated with concentrated Nitric acid and Ammonium thiocyanate solution	Blood red colour is formed	Indicates the presence of ferrous iron
08	TEST FOR PHOSPHATE The extract is treated with Ammonium Molybdate and concentrated nitric acid	No yellow precipitate is formed	Absence of phosphate
09	TEST FOR ALBUMIN The extract is treated with Esbach’s reagent	No yellow precipitate is formed	Absence of albumin
10	TEST FOR TANNIC ACID The extract is treated with ferric chloride.	Blue black precipitate is formed	Indicates the presence of Tannic acid
11	TEST FOR UNSATURATION Potassium permanganate solution is added to the extract	It gets decolourised	Indicates the presence of unsaturated compound
12	TEST FOR THE REDUCING SUGAR 5ml of Benedict’s qualitative solution is taken in a test tube and allowed to boil for 2 minutes and add 8-10 drops of the extract and again boil it for 2 minutes.	Colour changes occur	Indicates the presence of reducing sugar

TEST FOR AMINO ACID

One or two drops of the extract is placed on a filter paper and dried well. After drying, 1% Ninhydrin is sprayed over the same and dried it well.

Violet colour is formed

Indicates the presence of reducing sugar

TEST FOR ZINC

The extract is treated with Potassium Ferro cyanide.

No white precipitate is formed

Absence of zinc

Table:2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The Bio chemical analysis of the trial drug Naaval pazha Karpam was tabulated above in table 2.

The trial drug Naaval pazha karpam contains

1. calcium

2. Sulphate

3. Starch

4. Ferrous ion

5. Tannic acid

6. Unsaturated compound

7. Reducing sugar

8. Amino acid

mode of action of the trial drug Naaval pazha karpam which rejuvenate the human body cells and maintain the glucose in the blood, May be due to the presence of calcium, Sulphate, starch, tannic acid, unsaturated compound, reducing sugar, Amino acid, Ferrous Iron in it.

Conclusion:

1. Naaval pazha karpam is a Siddha Kayakarpam drug taken from a Siddha theraiyar kaapiyam literature used in the management of Diabetes mellitus. The drug is screened for its bio chemical properties. Further, comprehensive pharmacological analysis are needed to evaluate its potency and the drug has its own potency to undergo further research