Review study on potential activity of Mukiamaderaspatana (L) Roem

Dr. S. L. Prakash^*1, Dr.P.Lavanya¹, Prof. Dr. M. Thiruthani²

1- PG Scholar, 2- - Head of the Department, Department of PG Siddha Toxicology, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Tirunelveli, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai

Abstract

Mukiamaderaspatana is a wild functional food plant belonging to the family cucurbitaceae, mostly prevalent in South India.It is distributed throughout the tropical and sub tropical region; Also known as, Musumusukkaiin Tamil. It has been used in Indian traditional medicine for centuries. In traditional systems of medicine, various plant parts such as roots, leaves have been used to alleviate a number of human and livestock ailments. The purpose of the present review is, understanding of its medicinal properties and to reveal the possible effect of this plant in the development of therapeutically active herbal drugs. In this review results shows as; The leaf has the great potency to act as natural antioxidant because of the presence of Phenolic compounds and flavanoids and other pharmacological activites reported by various in vitro and in vivo studies such as; Anti-hypertensive, Anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective, Immunomodulatory, Antihyperglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antiplatelet aggregation, Antimicrobial, Antiulcer, Anxiolytic, Local anaesthetic etc. The fresh plant posses the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains including Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium and also possess prominent activities against the fungal strains such as Candida tropicalisandTrichophytonrubrum. Finally concluded that Mukiamaderaspatana whole plant possesses a myriad health care potentials therefore, strongly recommended to include this plant as a dietary supplement same as mentioned in ancient Traditional Siddha systems of medicine respectively.

Key words: Mukiamaderaspatana , Pharmacological actions, Siddha medicine

Introduction

Mukiamaderaspatana (L.) M. Romer., is an annual monoecious tendril climber, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is commonly called Musumusukkai in Tamil.It is distributed throughout and subtropics of the World and is propagated in India, Sri Lanka and other countries in South-East Asia, such as Mainland Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia, Ryukyu and Yaeyama islands. In India it ismainly found in Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamilnadu, kerala, Andra Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Indigenous communities around the world utilize various parts of the plant to alleviate a number of human and livestock ailments. In traditional systems of medicine various plant part such as leaves and roots have been used as Expectorant, Diuretic, Anti Inflammatory, Diaphoretic, Laxative, infertility, Sudorific, Aperient, carminative, and also in the treatment of Asthma cough, acid reflex, anxiety, flatulence, skin disease, Ulcers, biliousness, constipation, toothache and Vertigo etc. The chief Siddha and Ayurveda preparations of Mukiamaderaspatana are Musumuskkaichoornam, Chandanadikritham, Mahakalyanakritham, Kapharogamathirai, Manasamithravadakam, pipalyasava and Rasayanarishta. In Siddha the roots and leafs are used to treat Fever, dyspnoea, Abdominal discomfort, cough and vomiting.

The purpose of the present review is, understanding of its medicinal properties and to reveal the possible effect of this plant in the development of therapeutically active herbal drugs.

Plant profile

Taxomical classification

Kingdom : Plantae

Order : Cucurbitales

Family : Cucurbitaceae

Genus : Mukia

Species : M.maderaspatana

Binomial Name : Mukiamaderaspatana (L.)M.Roem

Vernacular Names

Eng : Rough bryony, Madras pea pumpkin

Hindi : Agumaki, Bilari

Tamil : Musumusukkai

Telugu : Noogudos, Kooturubudana

Malayalam : Mukkalbeeram, Chitrate l

Bombay : Chirati

Sanskrit : Abilekhaha

Chemical Constituents

The leaves contains mainly Dichloroacetic acid, 4-methylpentyl ester, 2- Butyn-1, 4- methoxy and also showed the presence of other constituents like flavanoids, carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic compounds, uncharacterized steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, catechins and saponins. Eugenol is the major component found in the whole plant of mukiamaderaspatana and it is responsible for its repellent property.

Aminoacids: L-glutamic acid, D-,L-alanine, L-leucine, D-,L-serine, D-,L-aspartic acid, L-proline, L-tyrosine, D-,L-threonine, phenylalanine, D-,L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-hydroxyproline, D-,L-norleucine, D-,L-methionine, L-arginine monohydrochloride, L-glycine and D-,L-valine.

The following sugars, namely, arabinose, fructose, glucose, mannose, sucrose, xylose, galactose and ribose.

The presence of spinasterol, 22, 23-dihydrospinasterol, its 3-O-β-D-glucoside, β-sitosterol, and decosaenoic acid have also been reported from the leaf extract.

From the aerial parts of the taxon, has detected the presence of steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, reducing sugars and glycosides.

A systematic analysis of the flavonoid constitution of the aqueous alcoholic leaf-extract has resulted in the isolation and characterization of six C-glycoflavones, viz., 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin (isovitexin), 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosylluteolin (homoorientin), 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin (vitexin) and 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosylluteolin (orientin), 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin (saponarin) and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-C-β-Dglucopyranosylluteolin (lutonarin).

Columbin has been isolated from its roots and the seed oil (18.8 g per 100 g) has been reported to be rich in linoleic (50 %), oleic and palmitic acids.

Traditional uses:

v In Siddha

· The root and leaves used to treat fever, dyspnoea, abdominal disorders,hepatic disorders, bronchitis, impotency, cough and vomiting.

· The leaf decoction is used to treat hypertension and Nasobronchial diseases.

· The decoction or choornam prepared with Root of Musumusukkai will cure vomiting and Heart diseases.

· The drug is an main ingredient in Musumuskkaichoornam, kapharogamathirai,

v In Ayurveda

· The plant is used to treat asthma, cough, burning sensation, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, constipation, ulcer, neuralgia and vertigo

· The fruits are reportedly used in the treatment of dysuria, piles, polyuria and tuberculosis.

· The drug is an ingredient in Ayurvedic preparation like Pipalyasava, Rasayanarishta, Srikandasava and Manasamithravadagam

v In Naturopathy

· The plant drug is claimed to strengthen lungs and other organs associated with breathing and controls wheezing, allergy, dry cough, sneezing, lethargy, tuberculosis and asthma.

v In Ethnomedicine

· Folkloric traditional medicines claims that the leaves and tender shoots are usefulas aspirants, diuretic, stomachic, antipyretic, anti-asthmatic, antitussive, antihistaminic and as an expectorant

· Leaf paste is externally applied to wounds ,scabies and the ringworm infection

· Leaf extract is consumed internally to cure piles; applied to the hair to blacken the grey hair

· Root decoction is used for the relief of tooth-ache

· Leaf juice prepared using rice fermented water is taken orally to reduce bile accumulation(pitham)

· Leaf powder is consumed with rice water to reduce chest pain

· Leaf juice with gingelly oil is applied topically on the head before taking bath to cure asthma.

· Root extract combined with Cuminumcyminum is used treat spermatorrhoea.

· Fruit is used in the treatment of paronychia

· Leaf paste is mixed with Jaggery is administered for the removal of the effect of poison in of scorpion bite.

v In livestock health and diseases

• Mukiamaderasapatana is widely used in the health care of livestock

· In Andrapradesh the leaves, pounded with garlic, pepper and cumin are used for treating hygroma in cattle.

· It is also useful in increasing body immunity and in controlling digestive disorders of cattles.

· The plant in combination with other medicinal plants is used to treat a number of live stock diseases such as adenitis, piroplasmosis, plague, anthrax, rabies, madness, anaplasmosis and gastroenteritis.

v Other Uses

· The tender shoots and bitter leaves are used as an aperients in India and are taken for vertigo and biliousness

· The leaf –sap is used as a wound dressing, leaves in poultice for burns, and the sap is given for small children for amoebiasis.

· Dried powered leaves are dusted over scabies; and the plant ash in castor oil is rubbed over scarification and for headache.

· In Nigeria the plant is used as a preventive i or a cure for ‘oka’, a disease of children’s heads

· The plant is said to have expectorant properties.

· In Senegal, the fruit is used as a vermifuge, the leaves are used for treating mental disorders.

· The root is chewed to relive facial neuralgia, toothache etc.

· In Australia the whole plant is used as a general medicine and to relieve headache and skin sores and to treat sore eyes.

Pharmacological activity

Table 1: Different therapeutic activities reported in Mukiamaderaspatana plant

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The medicinal importance of the plantMukiamaderaspatanaevidently prove that it possess a lot of therapeutic values. The leaf has the great potency to act as natural antioxidant because of the presence of Phenolic compounds and flavanoidsand other pharmacological activities reported by various in vitro and in vivo studies such as; Anti-hypertensive, Anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective, Immunomodulatory, Antihyperglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antiplatelet aggregation, Antimicrobial, Antiulcer, Anxiolytic,Local anaesthetic etc.

The fresh plant posses the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains including Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium and also possess prominent activities against the fungal strains such as Candida tropicalis and Trichophytonrubrum

Considering the above properties, it comes to conclusion that Mukiamaderaspatana whole plant that an indigenous herbal medicineis possessing a myriad health care potentials, such as;protection against the widely prevalent Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and Rheumatoid arthritis. Hence these review results, strongly recommended to include this plant as a herbal medicine same as mentioned in ancient Traditional Siddha systems of medicine respectively.

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