Mohana Prabha et al

SINGLE HERB THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHOEA IN SIDDHA PERSPECTIVE- A REVIEW

Dr.G.Mohana Prabha⁽¹⁾, Dr.M.Suguna⁽¹⁾, Dr.P.Arul jothi⁽¹⁾,Dr.G.Dhineshraman⁽¹⁾, Dr.S.Sundararajan ⁽²⁾

1. PG scholars, Department of Noi-Naadal, Government Siddha medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai.

2. Lecturer, Department of Noi-Naadal, Government Siddha medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai.

ABSTRACT:

According to WHO, Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day or more frequently than in normal for the individual. Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. It is both preventable and treatable. Each year diarrhoea kills around 52500 children under five. Globally there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal disease every year. Siddha system focusses on treating this disease by nature gifted herbal preparations, Herbo-mineral combination drugs, Metallic preparations based on intensity and duration of the disease. This review paper is a collection work of easily available herbal preparations in the management of diarrhoea from classical siddha literatures.Herbal single drug therapies (Yega Mooligai prayogam) for the management of diarrhoea are better discussed along with their common action, Parts used, Taste, and Potency, How they alleviate Thoda kutram (humoral derangement) of the illness.

KEYWORDS:

Diarrhoea, Kazichal, Yega mooligai prayogam, Single herb therapy

INTRODUCTION:

The land of Tamilnadu is known to be the land of Siddhars and their Divine Medicalsystem, Siddhamedical system dealt with crucial and fundamental human problems, the prevention of disease, the extension of lifespan, the prediction of catastrophic changes in the environment, above all spiritual advancement of humanity, the system believes that the human body is replica of universe, the disturbance in the equilibrium of the three humors causes the disease.

According to siddha systemHealing is always about sensing the nature of a person and not just calculating the symptoms of the body, The sages illustrated their messages using legendary characters and composed verses in a cryptic and symbolic language. They also have revealed remedies for present day problems, related to personality disorders, stress, incurable diseases etc. diarrhoea is one of the most common health complaints.

According to WHO, Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day or more frequently than in normal for the individual. It is usually a symptom of gastrointestinal infection, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. Infection is spread through contaminated food person to person as a result of poor hygiene, severe diarrhoea leads to fluid loss and may be life threatening, particularly in young children and people who are malnourished or have impaired immunity.

Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. It is both preventable and treatable. Each year diarrhoea kills around 52500 children under five. Globally there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal disease every year. Diarrhoea is a leading cause of malnutrition children under five years old.

DIARRHOEA – SIDDHA PERSPECTIVE:

According to siddha system diarrhoea may correlate with Perunkazhichal noi, has been classified into 8 types.

Other types of kazhichal:

Ninakazhichal – 11 subtypes
Seethakazhichal(mucous diarrhoea)
kazhichal in paediatrics – 3 subtypes

Siddhars speaks numerous remedies solving these types of human problems. The medicinal knowledge remains unsurpassed in the entire world. Plant based remedies have been used with various degree of success for the management of Diarrhoea.

Table 1. Single herbs in the management of kazhichal:

TAMIL NAME	BOTANICAL NAME	ENGLISH NAME	FAMILY
Adaiotti	Pupalia orbiculata	Forest burr	Amaranthaceae
Kadazhalinjal	Salacia reticulata	Salaretin	Celastraceae
Kadalai	Cicer arietinum	Bengal gram	Fabaceae
Karkadagasingi	Rhus succedanea	Gall	Anacardiaceae
Kaatamanakku	Jatropha curcas	Nuting of purging	Euphorbiaceae
Pannaikirai	Celosia argentea	Cock’s comb greens	Amaranthaceae
Pulliyarai	Oxalis corniculata	Indian sorrel	Oxalidaceae
Kudasapalai	Hollarrhena antidysentrica	Kurchi	Apocynaceae
Kunthirikam	Boswellia serrata	Indian frankincense	Burseraceae
Kollu kaivelai	Tephrosia purpurea	Purple tephrosia	Fabaceae
Devatharu	Cedrus deodara	Himalayan cedar	Pinaceae
Nathaisoori	Spermacoce hispidia	Shaggy button weed	Rubiaceae
Naaval	Syzygium cumini	Jambul	Myrtaceae
Nilakumizh	Gmelina asiactica	Asian bushbeech	Laminaceae

Table 2. Actions of the herbs used in the treatment of diarrhoea:

HERBS	PARTS USED	POTHU SEIGAI(ACTION)
Adaiotti	Leaves, fruit	Astringent Demulcent
Kadazhalinjal	Bark	Astringent Demulcent
Kadalai	Whole plant	Astringent
Karkadagasingi	____	Astringent Tonic Nutritive Digestive Expectorant Stimulant Cholagogue
Kaatamanakku	Root bark	__
Pannaikirai	Flower	Astringent Demulcent
Pulliyarai	Leaves	Astringent Refrigerant Stomachic
Kudasapalai	Bark	Stomachic Febrifuge Anthelmintic
Kunthirikam	Resin	Astringent Refrigerant Stomachic Diaphoretic Diuretic Emmenagogue Expectorant
Kollu kaivelai	Bark	Nutritive
Devatharu	Bark	Astringent Refrigerant
Nathaisoori	Seeds	Cooling Demulcent
Naaval	Bark	Astringent
Nilakumizh	Leaves, bark	Alterative Demulcent Aromatic

Methods of using herbsin thein the management of diarrhoea:

1. Pupalia orbiculata- Leaves and barks are grinded with water and can be given to stop diarrhoea.

2. Salacia reticulata- Bark decoction checks diarrhoea.

3. Cicer arietinum- 5 to 10ml of Kadalai Pullipu can be given internally with water.

4. Rhus succedena- 280 -650mg of seed powder can be given.

5. Jatropha curcas- Root bark along with asafoetida powder with butter milk to stop diarrhoea.

6. Celosia argentea- Flower decoction or seed powder with milk is used to stop diarrhoea.

7. Oxalis corniculata- 15to 30ml of leaf extract can be given.

8. Hollarhena antidysentrica – 15-30ml of bark decoction trice a day

9. Boswella serrata -130mg to 1300mg of resin powder can be prescribed.

10. Tephrosia purpurea- bark decoction stops diarrhoea.

11. Cedrus deodara- bark decoction stops diarrhorea.

12. Spermacoce hispidia- 2 to 4gms of seed legium twice a day.

13. Syzygium cumini-Root extract or bark decoction can be used to arrest diarrhoea.

14. Gmelina asiactica – Root powder grinded with water and can be given internally to arrest diarrhoea.

Table- 3:

Concepts of thirithodam in the management of diarrhoea by the herbs:

S.NO	HERBS	*SUVAI*	*THANMAI*	*PIRIVU*	*SAMANAPADUTHUM KUTRAM* *(ALLEVATING THODAM)*
1.	Adaiotti	Astringent	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Kabam
2.	Kadazhalinjal	Astringent	Seetham (coolant)	Pungent	Kabam
3.	Kadalai	Sweet	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Vatham
4.	Karkadagasingi	Astringent	Veppam (Heat)	Pungent	Kabam
5.	Kaatamanakku	Astringent	Veppam (Heat)	Pungent	Kabam
6.	Pannaikirai	Sweet, sour	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Vatham
7.	Pulliyarai	Sour	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Vatham
8.	Kudasapalai	Astringent, bitter	Veppam (Heat)	Sweet	Kabam
9.	Kunthirikam	Bitter	Veppam (Heat)	Pungent	Kabam
10.	Kollu kaivelai	Pungent	Veppam (Heat)	Pungent	Kabam
11.	Devatharu	Astringent	Veppam (Heat)	Pungent	Kabam
12.	Nathaisoori	Sweet, Astringent	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Vatham, Kabam
13.	Naaval	Astringent	Seetham (coolant)	Pungent	Kabam
14.	Nilakumizh	Astringent, bitter	Seetham (coolant)	Sweet	Kabam

Most of the herbs used in the treatment of Diarrhoea has the

· Taste- Astringent

Vibagam (Thanmai) - Seetham (Cold)
Veeriyam (Potency) - Pungent, Sweet

Table- 4. Herbs used in the treatment of kuruthi kazhichal (dysentric diarrhoea)

TAMIL NAME	BOTANICAL NAME	ENGLISH NAME	FAMILY
Perichu	Phonex dactylifera	Date palm	Arecaceae
Kasakasa	Papaver somniferum	Opium poppy	Papaveraceae
Karunkaali	Acacia catechu	Black catachu
Kaatathi poo	Woodfordica fruticosa	Fire-flame bush	Lythraceae
Kattu karuvappattai	Cinnamomum iners	Bark wild cinnamom	Laraceae
Kaanam vazhai	Commelina benghalensis	Blue spider wort	Commelinaaceae
Paarchori keerai	Ruellia secunda	__	__
Keerai thandu	Amaranthus gangeticus	Tota kura	Amaranthaceae
Keezhkainelli	Phyllanthus amarus	Indian phyllanthus	__
Neitharkizhangu	Nymphaea pubescens	White water lily	Nymphaeaceae

TABLE- 5: Herbs used in the treatment of Seetha kazhichal (Mucous Diarrhoea):

TAMIL NAME	BOTANICAL NAME	ENGLISH NAME	FAMILY
Athi	Ficus racemosa	Country fig	Moraceae
Anthara thamarai	Pistia stratiotes	Water -lettuce	Araceae
Avarai	Lablab purpureus	Indian butter bean	Fabaceae
Aagasakarudan	Corallocarpus epigaeus	Bryoms	Cucurbitaceae
Aalivithai	Lepidium sativum	Garden cress	Brassicaceae
Isappucol	Plantago ovate	Seeds of spongel	Plantaginaceae
Ilavanga pattai	Cinnamomum verum	Bark of cinnamom	Lauraceae
Mul illavu	Bombex malabaricum	Red silk cotton tree	malvaceae
Uruthirasattai	Ocimum basilicum	Sweet basil	Lamiaceae
Thettran	Strychnos potatorum	Clearing nut tree	Loganiaceae

Table- 6. Herbs used in the Treatment of Seriya kazhichal (Diarrhoea due to Indigestion)

TAMIL NAME	BOTANICAL NAME	ENGLISH NAME	FAMILY
Azhinjil	Alangium salifolium	Sage leaced alangium	Coranaceae
Inji	Zingiber officinale	Green ginger fresh	Zingiberaceae
Usilamaram	Albizia odoratissima	Black siris	Fabaceae
Utthamani	Pergularia daemia	Dog’s bane white low	Ascelpidaceae
Ommam	Carum copticum	Bishops weed	Apiaceae
Kadarpaasi	Gracilaria lichenoides	Ceylon moss	Gracilariaceae
Kaththa kambu	Uncaria gambir	Gambier	Rubiaceae
Kamugu	Areca catechu	Betal nut palm	Arecaceae
Kaattu vagai	Albizzia campestris	Sirissa tree	Fabaceae
Kaalan	Agaricus campestris	White agaric	Agaricaceae

DISCUSSION:

In siddha system perunkazhichal noi mostly caused by derangement of vatham (abanan and uthanan) which leads to indigestion, abdominal flatulence and acceleration of bowel movements. Most of the herbs used to treat diarrheal disease has astringent taste and impact on regulating vatha and kaba humors, which support to recast bowel movements and reduce other symptoms. In other types of kazhichal pitha humor also gets deranged leading to derangement of 7 udal thathukkal.

CONCLUSION:

Siddha medicine deals with several herbs for treating acute and chronic infections.in this review Single herbal drug therapies for the management of diarrhoea were elaborately discussed. These information will be useful in therapeutic approach of diarrhoea.

Acknowledgement:

Our sincere thanks to Head of the department, Faculties of Noi-Naadal department for their immense support and encouragement. We extend our thanks to Dr.K.Hina Firdouse, Dr.S.Kavitha of Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai.

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