Review on Anti-diabetic action Medicinal Plants In Siddha Medicine

Revathy p¹ Essakky pandian G²

1 PG scholar, 2 Lecturer, Government siddha medical college, Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu 

ABSTRACT:

Medicinal plants have been proposed as rich yet unexploited potential sources for anti-diabetic drugs, even though used since ancient times for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Many of the synthetic drugs were discovered either directly or indirectly from the plant source. The aim of the study is to reveal the siddha anti-diabetic herbs and thier chemical constituents. The present study was aimed to review the plants having anti-diabetic property. Although many plants are recommended, further pharmacological and clinical research should be done to elucidate the exact mechanism of hypoglycaemic activity. A list of medicinal plants having anti-diabetic activity and other related beneficial effects used in treatment of diabetes is compiled. Most of the plants from family such moraceae, menispermaceae, cucurbitaceae, fabacea, phyllanthaceae, myrtacea, smilaceae, rutaceae, etc.

KEYWORDS:

Medicinal plants, anti-diabetic property, hypoglycaemic, siddha medicine.

INTRODUCTION:

There is a general increase in non communicable diseases in India in the recent years. One of the most important is the diabetes mellitus which has been affecting a big population due to lifestyle changes. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus both of which tend to run in families.

Type 1(insulin-dependent) diabetes is the less common form of disorder and usually develops in childhood or adolescence. In this type, insulin secreting cells in the pancreas are destroyed and insulin production ceases.

Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes is chronic and develops gradually mainly in people over the age of 40 (Adeneye at 2009). Although insulin is still produced, it is not enough for the body’s metabolic need as the tissue become relatively resistant to its effect. (BMA, 2002 and Wadkar etal 2008 ). Management of diabetes can be done through an ideal treatment using drugs in Siddha system of medicine that not only controls the glycemic level but also prevents the development of atherosclerosis and other complications of diabetes.

DIABETES & SIDDHA MEDICINE:

In siddha system of medicine, diseases are classified into 4448 types according to Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani, Meganoi is classified into 20 types. Madhumegam is one among them, which comes under pitha type called inippu neer and it could be correlated with diabetes mellitus in modern system. Madhumegam is a clinical condition characterised by frequent and excessive passage of urine with ‘sweetness’ eventually leading to deterioration of seven body constituents.

HERBS USED TO TREAT DIABETES IN SIDDHA MEDICINE:

Herbs that are used in siddha medicine to treat diabetes rejuvenate the pancreas, increases secretion of insulin and enhance the glucose tolerance. Herbs like Ficus racemosa (Atthi), Nymphaea nouchali (Alli), Marsilea quadrifolia (Aaraikeerai), Tinospora cordifolia (Seenthil), Coccinia grundis (Kovai), Triticum aestirum (Kothumai), Cassia fistula (Sarakondrai), Eleusine coracana (Kelviragu), Benincasa hispida (Kalyanapoosaani), Pyllanthus amarus (Keelaneli), Syzygium cumini (Naval), Smilax china (Parangipattai), Terminalia arjuna (Maruthu), Limonia acidissima (Vila), Plectranthus vettiveroides (Vilamichuver) are often used in siddha system medicine to treat diabetes. The following are:

TABLE. 1

LIST OF SIDDHA ANTI-DIABETIC PLANTS AND ITS CONSTITUENTS:

TASTE AND DIABETES MELLITUS:

Madhumegam noi (diabetes mellitus) is resulted due to derangement of kapha humour. The above drugs are primarily having astringent and bitter tastes. These tastes normalise the deranged kapha humour and controls the madhumegam noi.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURES:

1. Gymnenic acid:

2. Charantin:

3. β-Amyrin:

4. Tolbutamide:

5. Chrysophanol:

6. Hypophyllanthin:

7. Umbelliferone :

8. β-sistosterol:

9. Beriberine structure:

10. β-carotene structure:

CONCLUSION:

The present review has provide details of anti-diabetic plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However it is cost effective and more beneficial in the management of diabetes through dietary interventions, nutrient supplementation, and combination therapies with herbal drugs. The presence of bioactive principles are mainly responsible for this anti-diabetic action. More investigations must be carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of medicinal plants with anti-diabetic effect

REFERENCES:

1. Shanmugavelu M. Siddha maruthuvanoi naadal Noimudhal naadal thiratu, Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homoepathy Publications Chennai, India, 2003, 97

2. Gunapadam moolikai vakuppu part 1- Ka. Sa. Murugesa Muthaliyar.

3. American Diabetes Association. 2010. Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care 33 (suppll), 362.

4. Makheswari MU, Sudarsanam d. Database on Anti-diabetic indigenous plants of Tamil nadu, India. Int Jpharma sci Res 2012;3(2): 287-293

5. ANM Mamun-or-Rashid, Md. Shamim Hossain, Naim Hassan, Biplab Kumar Pash, Md. AshraFuzzaman Sapon, Monokesh Kumar Sen 2014; 3(4): 149-159.

6. A review on Anti-diabetic plants Nazmul Qars’, Sadia Jahan and Md. SHafiullah Shajib², Department of clinical pharmacy and pharmacology, university of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh June-2018.

7. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants Manal Mortady Hamed, Medicinal chemistry Department, Thedor Bilharz Research institute Egypt Int.J. pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 51(1), july- August 2018; Article no. 23, pages 151-165.

8. A Review on Limonia acidissima 1 Pratima Vijayvaryia^*, Rekha Vijayvaryia plant pathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of botany, university of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

9. Ahmed F₁ Tudeda S, Urooj A, Anti hyperglycaemic activity of ficus racemosa bark extract in type 2 diabetic individuals 2011,3:3 18-9

10. Pekamwar S. S ^*, Kalyankar T. M, School of pharmacy, Swamp Ramanand Teerth Marathwada university, Nandeed-431606, Maharashtra India.

11. Cassia fistula linn: A review of phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Md. Ashruf Ali Department of pharmacy, south east university, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.

12. Garish Jashi and Rajandeep Kaur CT Institute of pharmaceutical sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, India.