Review of Paandu noi with reference to Siddha Medicine
Murugamoorthy Thusiyanthan1,
Thusiyanthan Kalaichelvi2,Tharshanodayan NJQ3, Neelavathy
R4
1.
PG Scholar,
Department of NoiNadal, Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital,
Palayamkottai.Tirunelveli.
2.
PG Scholar,
Department of Toxicology, Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital,
Palayamkottai.Tirunelveli.
3.
PG Scholar,
Department of Gunapadam, Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital,
Palayamkottai. Tirunelveli.
4.
Professor& Principal, GovernmentSiddha
Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai.Tirunelveli.
Corresponding
author email ID :mthusi1980@gmail.com
Abstract
Around 30
% of adolescent boys are suffering from anemia, the report states. The
hemoglobin count in most of the adolescent girls in India is less than the
standard 12 g/deciliter. Anemia is common disorder of blood and a global health
problem.In modern term defined as decrease in the total amount of red blood
cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The symptoms are pallor, dizziness, shortness
of breath, palpitation, easily fatigue and loss of energy.The nearest
correlation of anemia can be made with Paandunoi
in Siddha.
This review explains the basic understanding and description of Paandunoi (Anemia) symptomatology
resembles with symptoms of modern anemia. Data was collected from Siddha text bookAgasthiyargunavahadam related to modern
aspect.Paandu is classified as five
types based on humoral pathology VathaPaandu,
PithaPaandu, KapaPaandu. Based on toxaemia refers VidaPaandu. Apart from these other classification MiruthikaPaandu. The yester generation has dictated
the treatment guide lines as health foods by adding a lot of Greens, Palm
jaggery, Conception of fruits and so on.
Siddha system has given a proper treatment guide lines for anemia. The
relationship between the ancient Siddha
aspect sagacity and modern classification of Paandu is mostly same.
Key
Words:Paandu,
Vatha,Pitha, Kapa, Vida, Miruthika
Back ground
In siddha
system of medicine all the systemic diseases have been classified under three categories.
1.
Based on the vitiation
of the humours
2.
Based on the predominant symptoms
3.
Based on the
line of treatment
In modern medicine the Nosology
which deals with the classification of diseases has grown boundless. No one can
easily remember the names. But in Siddha
system of medicine all the diseases the human being assailed with can be
classified into 147 classifications, though the total numbers of diseases are
mentioned as 4448 (uthamarayan,1953) “ VeluppuNoi” is one among the diseases
classified based on the symptoms which literally means the pallor, that can be
exactly correlated with Modern classification of anemia. A detail description
of signs and the symptoms, etiological factor and their management have been
found to be described in details (YugimuniAnnonymous, 2005). This clinical entity
is classified in to six, four based on vitiation of humours, one under toxic anemia
and the last one anemia due to the consumption of Ashes and the soil (Pica).
Definition
The word Paandu literally means pallor, in this
clinical condition the conjunctiva, tongue, nail bud turn in to pallor and it
is has been named as PaanduNoi
(or) Paandunoi is a term that
represents the disease of RakthaThathu, characterized by the change of color of
skin, nails, conjunctiva and tongue.
Synonyms of PaanduNoi :VelluppuNoi,
VenmaiNoi.
As per the Siddha tradition the term
Paandu is derived from the character of “ Paandu” the Father of “
PanchaPaandavar” in “ MAHABARATHAM”. It is said that this man, when born was
very pale and looks whitish discoloration and hence this condition was named
after him as PAANDU.
Etiology
The etiological cluster, like Nutritional deficiency, hemorrhages,
worm infestation and the other secondary causes like Tuberculosis, Chronic
sprue and the disease like pies, metarrhagia and menorrhagia are also found to be described.
·
Excessive
intake of salt, sour foods, muds, ashes, Toxic drug.
·
Haemorrhagic
condition like menorrhagia (Perumpaadu), Hypertension (Piththathikkam), Hemorrhoids(
Moolam), Hematemesis (Kuruthivaanthi)
·
Worm
infestation
·
Hepatic disorders
(Murugaesamuthaliyr -2008)
In this disease due to intrinsic and
extrinsic cause Uyirthathu( Vatham, Pitham, Kapham ) and UdalThathu ( Saram,
Seneer, Oonn, Kozhuppu, Enpu, Moolai and Sukkilam / Suroonitham ) get deranged.
Especially, In Uyirthathu, initially
Kapham gets altered and then other two Thathus are changed.
In Udalthathu, the derangements occur
in order.InitiallySaram, then Senneer and so on.
According to “AgasthiyarGunavagadam”,
1.
Unhealthy
cooking methods
2.
Negligent
treatment for Menorrhagea
3.
Diarrhoea
4.
Fibroids Uterus
5.
Profuse
bleeding
According to “YugiChinthamani”, the
causes of Paandu are as follows,
1.
Frequent attack
of diarrhea
2.
Excessive
intake of salts and sour foods
3.
Living in hot
surroundings
4.
Excessive
chewing of betel leaves and nuts
5.
Excessive
alcohol intake
6.
Sleeping in day
time
7.
Stealing the
temple properties
The same above
causes are explained in “ChinthamaniEnnumVaidyaNool and
RogaNirnayaSarumEnnumRogaNithanam” by T.R. Maha deva Pandithar and “MadhavaNithanam” byDuraisaamyIyangar and “ JeevaRakshamirtham”.
According to
“ThanvanthiriVaiththiyam” (11ndpart) enumerates the causes as,
1.
Imbalance
between the three thathusvatha, pitha, kapha
2.
Perversion of
appetite in the form of geophagia
3.
Excessive heat
accumulation due to altered Abanavaayu.
4.
Excessive
sorrow
5.
Psychosocial
factors
Generally Paandunoi caused by,
1.
Genetic Factors
( Kanmanoi )
2.
Somatic Factors
a)
Intrinsic
factors
b)
Extrinsic
factors
3.
Psychological
Factors ( Mananoi )
1. Genetic Factors ( Kanmanoi )
The disease
originated from the soul.
2. Somatic Factors
a)
Intrinsic
factors
1.
Chronic
diarrhea
2.
Chronic disease
3.
Menorrhagia and
Metrorrhagia
4.
Dysentery
5.
Neoplastic
growth of uterus
6.
Worms
infestation like hook worm
7.
Renal disease
8.
Cardiac disease
9.
Respiratory
disease
10. Spleenic disease
11. Sexually transmitted disease like syphillus
12. Heatedness of food
13. Indigestion
14. Loss of blood due to
haemorrhoides, purpura and hemetemisis
15. Over bleeding during delivery
b)
Extrinsic
Factors
1.
Excessive
intake of salt and sour food
2.
Prolong
exposure to heat
3.
Increased
chewing of betel nuts
4.
Alcoholism
5.
Daytime
sleeping
6.
Mud eating –
pica
7.
Excessive indulgence
of sexual activity
8.
Poverty
9.
Improper cooked
food
10. Exposure to chill weather
11. Living in kuringinilam
12. Haematotoxins such as mercury, lead, copper
3. Psychological Factors
1.
Stealing of
cotton and temple properties
2.
Robbery
3.
Slaughter of
cow
4.
Putting cow in
starvation
5.
Aberration
6.
Spoils the
family by saying tale – tell
7.
Worries
8.
Insulting the
parents
9.
Reproach others
10. Telling lies
11. Egoism
A disease state of the body is often
the results of the diseased state of the mind. Psychological states may produce
physiological changes in the physical body. Morbid imaginations may create
hunger and thirst, produce abnormal secretions results in disease.
The imbalance causing the disease
may originate in the consciousness in the form of some negative awareness and
it may then manifest in the mind. Where the seed of the disease may lie in the
deeper subconscious in the form of anger, fear or attachments. These emotions
will manifest through the mind into the body. Repressed fear will create
derangement of VATHA, anger, excess,
PITHA, and envy, greed and attachment aggravated KAPHA. This imbalance of the
three Thosas affects natural body resistance and thus the body becomes
susceptible to disease.
Impairment of the bodily humors,
VATHA, PITHA and KAPHA creates toxins ( aamam) that are circulated throughout
the body. During this circulation, toxins accumulate in the weak areas of the
body and the disease will manifest there.
Toxins created by emotional factors,
repressed anger completely changes the flora of the gallbladder, bile duct and
small intestine and aggravates pitha causing inflamed patches on the mucous
membranes of the stomach and small intestine.
Fear and anxiety alters the flora of
large intestine.
Premonitory symptoms
1.
At first
instance due to dietary changes, vitiated Pitha affect the color and
consistency of the blood, which will prevent the proper supply of the nutrients
to the body and leads the body in to pale in color.
2.
Secondary,
while walking small distance leads to dyspnea and weakness of the lower limbs.
3.
Anorexia,
nausea, giddiness, blackout, frequent,fainting,palpitation and emaciation.
General symptoms
1.
Stomatitis
2.
Pallor of the
face,eyes,lips,tongue and nails.
3.
Pallor and
dryness of the skin
4.
Anorexia
5.
Lassitude
6.
Tiredness
7.
Bradycardia
8.
Dyspnea on
exertion
9.
Protrusion of
eye balls
10. Palpitation
11. Ankle edema
Classification
It is classified according to the
Agasthiyargunavahadam in five types
Ø Based on Humoral pathology- 05Types
I. VathaPaandu
II. PithaPaandu
III. KapaPaandu
IV. VidaPaandu
V. MiruthikaPaandu
Symptoms of Classification
Ø
VathaPaandu
ü Pain in the extremities and
abdomen
ü Odema of eye, face and arm
ü Pallor of the body
ü Lassitude
ü Dyspnea
ü Vomiting
ü Hic- cough
ü Excessive salivation
Ø
PithaPaandu
ü Yellow colouration of the body, eyes, nail, urine
ü Pallor of the stool
ü Body itching
ü Tiredness
ü Memory loss
ü Dyspnea
ü Giddiness
ü Lassitude
Ø
KapaPaandu
ü Shining of skin
ü Abdominal swelling
ü Odema of feet and dorsum of hand
ü Lassitude
ü Giddiness
ü Husky voice
ü Pallor of the eyes, face, urine and faeces
ü Excessive sweating
ü Chillness of eyes
ü Thoracic pain
ü Anasarca
Ø
Vida Paandu
ü
Pallor of the
body
ü
Fever
ü
Vomiting
ü
Hic cough
ü
cough
ü
General edema
ü
Anorexia
Ø
MiruthikaPaandu
ü Indigestion
ü Flatulence
ü Vomiting
ü Diarrhoea
ü Yellow coloration of the stool, urine
ü General edema
References
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KuppusamyMudaliyar,
Ka. (2007). Siddha Maruththuvam 7th edition. Page. 345-352,
Department of Indian systems of medicine and Homeopathy, Govt. of Tamilnadu.Chennai.
2.
Mohan,R.C,(2015)AgasthiyarGunavahadam.
ThamaraiPathippakam, Chennai-26. Page.8,58-59
3.
YugimuniAnnonymous
(2005). YugiVaithyaChinthamani- 800, 2nd edition.Page. 167-169, Dept
of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Govt. of Tamilnadu.Chennai.
4.
Thiyagarajan,
R.(1981). Siddha MateriaMedica Part II 3rd edition. Page. 394-397,
Dept. of Indian systems of medicine and Homeopathy, Govt. of Tanilnadu.Chennai.
5.
Uthayamaran,C
(1953). Siddha MaruththuvangaChurukkam.Page. 285. Govt. press, Tamilnadu.Chennai.
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MurugesaMudaliyar,C.(2008).
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7.
KuppusamyMudaliyar.
Ka. Na. (2004). Siddha Medicine – Pothu. Page. 345-352. Dept of Indian systems
of medicine and Homeopathy, Govt. of Tamilnadu.Chennai.
8.
Shanmugavelu. M
(1988). NoiNaadalNoiMuthalNaadalThiraddu – part 2, Page. 290-299, Dept of Indian systems of medicine and
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MadhavaNithanam
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